3.362 \(\int \frac{1}{x^3 (a-b x^3)} \, dx\)

Optimal. Leaf size=124 \[ \frac{b^{2/3} \log \left (a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 a^{5/3}}-\frac{b^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 a^{5/3}}+\frac{b^{2/3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [3]{a}+2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt{3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{\sqrt{3} a^{5/3}}-\frac{1}{2 a x^2} \]

[Out]

-1/(2*a*x^2) + (b^(2/3)*ArcTan[(a^(1/3) + 2*b^(1/3)*x)/(Sqrt[3]*a^(1/3))])/(Sqrt[3]*a^(5/3)) - (b^(2/3)*Log[a^
(1/3) - b^(1/3)*x])/(3*a^(5/3)) + (b^(2/3)*Log[a^(2/3) + a^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x + b^(2/3)*x^2])/(6*a^(5/3))

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Rubi [A]  time = 0.0625653, antiderivative size = 124, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 7, integrand size = 14, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.5, Rules used = {325, 200, 31, 634, 617, 204, 628} \[ \frac{b^{2/3} \log \left (a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 a^{5/3}}-\frac{b^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 a^{5/3}}+\frac{b^{2/3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [3]{a}+2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt{3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{\sqrt{3} a^{5/3}}-\frac{1}{2 a x^2} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Int[1/(x^3*(a - b*x^3)),x]

[Out]

-1/(2*a*x^2) + (b^(2/3)*ArcTan[(a^(1/3) + 2*b^(1/3)*x)/(Sqrt[3]*a^(1/3))])/(Sqrt[3]*a^(5/3)) - (b^(2/3)*Log[a^
(1/3) - b^(1/3)*x])/(3*a^(5/3)) + (b^(2/3)*Log[a^(2/3) + a^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x + b^(2/3)*x^2])/(6*a^(5/3))

Rule 325

Int[((c_.)*(x_))^(m_)*((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^(n_))^(p_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[((c*x)^(m + 1)*(a + b*x^n)^(p + 1))/(a*
c*(m + 1)), x] - Dist[(b*(m + n*(p + 1) + 1))/(a*c^n*(m + 1)), Int[(c*x)^(m + n)*(a + b*x^n)^p, x], x] /; Free
Q[{a, b, c, p}, x] && IGtQ[n, 0] && LtQ[m, -1] && IntBinomialQ[a, b, c, n, m, p, x]

Rule 200

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^3)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Dist[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]^2), Int[1/(Rt[a, 3] + Rt[b, 3]*x), x], x] + Di
st[1/(3*Rt[a, 3]^2), Int[(2*Rt[a, 3] - Rt[b, 3]*x)/(Rt[a, 3]^2 - Rt[a, 3]*Rt[b, 3]*x + Rt[b, 3]^2*x^2), x], x]
/; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]

Rule 31

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_))^(-1), x_Symbol] :> Simp[Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x, x]]/b, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b}, x]

Rule 634

Int[((d_.) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(2*c*d - b*e)/(2*c), Int[1/(a +
b*x + c*x^2), x], x] + Dist[e/(2*c), Int[(b + 2*c*x)/(a + b*x + c*x^2), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] &
& NeQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0] &&  !NiceSqrtQ[b^2 - 4*a*c]

Rule 617

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> With[{q = 1 - 4*Simplify[(a*c)/b^2]}, Dist[-2/b, Sub
st[Int[1/(q - x^2), x], x, 1 + (2*c*x)/b], x] /; RationalQ[q] && (EqQ[q^2, 1] ||  !RationalQ[b^2 - 4*a*c])] /;
FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && NeQ[b^2 - 4*a*c, 0]

Rule 204

Int[((a_) + (b_.)*(x_)^2)^(-1), x_Symbol] :> -Simp[ArcTan[(Rt[-b, 2]*x)/Rt[-a, 2]]/(Rt[-a, 2]*Rt[-b, 2]), x] /
; FreeQ[{a, b}, x] && PosQ[a/b] && (LtQ[a, 0] || LtQ[b, 0])

Rule 628

Int[((d_) + (e_.)*(x_))/((a_.) + (b_.)*(x_) + (c_.)*(x_)^2), x_Symbol] :> Simp[(d*Log[RemoveContent[a + b*x +
c*x^2, x]])/b, x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e}, x] && EqQ[2*c*d - b*e, 0]

Rubi steps

\begin{align*} \int \frac{1}{x^3 \left (a-b x^3\right )} \, dx &=-\frac{1}{2 a x^2}+\frac{b \int \frac{1}{a-b x^3} \, dx}{a}\\ &=-\frac{1}{2 a x^2}+\frac{b \int \frac{1}{\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x} \, dx}{3 a^{5/3}}+\frac{b \int \frac{2 \sqrt [3]{a}+\sqrt [3]{b} x}{a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2} \, dx}{3 a^{5/3}}\\ &=-\frac{1}{2 a x^2}-\frac{b^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 a^{5/3}}+\frac{b^{2/3} \int \frac{\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b}+2 b^{2/3} x}{a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2} \, dx}{6 a^{5/3}}+\frac{b \int \frac{1}{a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2} \, dx}{2 a^{4/3}}\\ &=-\frac{1}{2 a x^2}-\frac{b^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 a^{5/3}}+\frac{b^{2/3} \log \left (a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 a^{5/3}}-\frac{b^{2/3} \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-3-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac{2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{a^{5/3}}\\ &=-\frac{1}{2 a x^2}+\frac{b^{2/3} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt [3]{a}+2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt{3} \sqrt [3]{a}}\right )}{\sqrt{3} a^{5/3}}-\frac{b^{2/3} \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )}{3 a^{5/3}}+\frac{b^{2/3} \log \left (a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )}{6 a^{5/3}}\\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [A]  time = 0.0203802, size = 119, normalized size = 0.96 \[ \frac{b^{2/3} x^2 \log \left (a^{2/3}+\sqrt [3]{a} \sqrt [3]{b} x+b^{2/3} x^2\right )-3 a^{2/3}-2 b^{2/3} x^2 \log \left (\sqrt [3]{a}-\sqrt [3]{b} x\right )+2 \sqrt{3} b^{2/3} x^2 \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\frac{2 \sqrt [3]{b} x}{\sqrt [3]{a}}+1}{\sqrt{3}}\right )}{6 a^{5/3} x^2} \]

Antiderivative was successfully verified.

[In]

Integrate[1/(x^3*(a - b*x^3)),x]

[Out]

(-3*a^(2/3) + 2*Sqrt[3]*b^(2/3)*x^2*ArcTan[(1 + (2*b^(1/3)*x)/a^(1/3))/Sqrt[3]] - 2*b^(2/3)*x^2*Log[a^(1/3) -
b^(1/3)*x] + b^(2/3)*x^2*Log[a^(2/3) + a^(1/3)*b^(1/3)*x + b^(2/3)*x^2])/(6*a^(5/3)*x^2)

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Maple [A]  time = 0.002, size = 100, normalized size = 0.8 \begin{align*} -{\frac{1}{3\,a}\ln \left ( x-\sqrt [3]{{\frac{a}{b}}} \right ) \left ({\frac{a}{b}} \right ) ^{-{\frac{2}{3}}}}+{\frac{1}{6\,a}\ln \left ({x}^{2}+\sqrt [3]{{\frac{a}{b}}}x+ \left ({\frac{a}{b}} \right ) ^{{\frac{2}{3}}} \right ) \left ({\frac{a}{b}} \right ) ^{-{\frac{2}{3}}}}+{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3\,a}\arctan \left ({\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3} \left ( 2\,{x{\frac{1}{\sqrt [3]{{\frac{a}{b}}}}}}+1 \right ) } \right ) \left ({\frac{a}{b}} \right ) ^{-{\frac{2}{3}}}}-{\frac{1}{2\,a{x}^{2}}} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

int(1/x^3/(-b*x^3+a),x)

[Out]

-1/3/a/(1/b*a)^(2/3)*ln(x-(1/b*a)^(1/3))+1/6/a/(1/b*a)^(2/3)*ln(x^2+(1/b*a)^(1/3)*x+(1/b*a)^(2/3))+1/3/a/(1/b*
a)^(2/3)*3^(1/2)*arctan(1/3*3^(1/2)*(2/(1/b*a)^(1/3)*x+1))-1/2/a/x^2

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Maxima [F(-2)]  time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Exception raised: ValueError} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/x^3/(-b*x^3+a),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

Exception raised: ValueError

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Fricas [A]  time = 1.47793, size = 336, normalized size = 2.71 \begin{align*} -\frac{2 \, \sqrt{3} x^{2} \left (-\frac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}\right )^{\frac{1}{3}} \arctan \left (\frac{2 \, \sqrt{3} a x \left (-\frac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}\right )^{\frac{2}{3}} + \sqrt{3} b}{3 \, b}\right ) + x^{2} \left (-\frac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}\right )^{\frac{1}{3}} \log \left (b^{2} x^{2} - a b x \left (-\frac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}\right )^{\frac{1}{3}} + a^{2} \left (-\frac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}\right )^{\frac{2}{3}}\right ) - 2 \, x^{2} \left (-\frac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}\right )^{\frac{1}{3}} \log \left (b x + a \left (-\frac{b^{2}}{a^{2}}\right )^{\frac{1}{3}}\right ) + 3}{6 \, a x^{2}} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/x^3/(-b*x^3+a),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

-1/6*(2*sqrt(3)*x^2*(-b^2/a^2)^(1/3)*arctan(1/3*(2*sqrt(3)*a*x*(-b^2/a^2)^(2/3) + sqrt(3)*b)/b) + x^2*(-b^2/a^
2)^(1/3)*log(b^2*x^2 - a*b*x*(-b^2/a^2)^(1/3) + a^2*(-b^2/a^2)^(2/3)) - 2*x^2*(-b^2/a^2)^(1/3)*log(b*x + a*(-b
^2/a^2)^(1/3)) + 3)/(a*x^2)

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Sympy [A]  time = 0.477562, size = 34, normalized size = 0.27 \begin{align*} - \operatorname{RootSum}{\left (27 t^{3} a^{5} - b^{2}, \left ( t \mapsto t \log{\left (- \frac{3 t a^{2}}{b} + x \right )} \right )\right )} - \frac{1}{2 a x^{2}} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/x**3/(-b*x**3+a),x)

[Out]

-RootSum(27*_t**3*a**5 - b**2, Lambda(_t, _t*log(-3*_t*a**2/b + x))) - 1/(2*a*x**2)

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Giac [A]  time = 1.16356, size = 144, normalized size = 1.16 \begin{align*} -\frac{b \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{3}} \log \left ({\left | x - \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{3}} \right |}\right )}{3 \, a^{2}} + \frac{\sqrt{3} \left (a b^{2}\right )^{\frac{1}{3}} \arctan \left (\frac{\sqrt{3}{\left (2 \, x + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{3}}\right )}}{3 \, \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{3}}}\right )}{3 \, a^{2}} + \frac{\left (a b^{2}\right )^{\frac{1}{3}} \log \left (x^{2} + x \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{1}{3}} + \left (\frac{a}{b}\right )^{\frac{2}{3}}\right )}{6 \, a^{2}} - \frac{1}{2 \, a x^{2}} \end{align*}

Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.

[In]

integrate(1/x^3/(-b*x^3+a),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

-1/3*b*(a/b)^(1/3)*log(abs(x - (a/b)^(1/3)))/a^2 + 1/3*sqrt(3)*(a*b^2)^(1/3)*arctan(1/3*sqrt(3)*(2*x + (a/b)^(
1/3))/(a/b)^(1/3))/a^2 + 1/6*(a*b^2)^(1/3)*log(x^2 + x*(a/b)^(1/3) + (a/b)^(2/3))/a^2 - 1/2/(a*x^2)